Retirement planning is a multi-faceted process that can be challenging and complex to navigate. There are various factors to consider, including when to apply for Social Security, how income can impact Medicare premiums, and how to balance your overall income plan with required minimum distributions from retirement accounts. Making informed decisions in these areas is crucial to ensuring a comfortable retirement. Let’s review these topics now.
Social Security Timing
One of the most critical decisions in retirement planning is when to begin receiving Social Security benefits. You can start as early as age 62 or wait until your full retirement age (~67), which varies based on your birth year. Waiting until your full retirement age will result in a higher monthly benefit, while starting early will reduce your benefit.
According to a study by the National Bureau of Economic Research, most retirees claim Social Security benefits before reaching their full retirement age, even though waiting would result in a higher monthly payment. The study found that only 4 percent of individuals waited until their full retirement age, while 38 percent claimed benefits at age 62.
However, waiting to claim Social Security can have significant benefits. According to the Social Security Administration, if you wait until age 70 to claim benefits, your monthly payment could increase by as much as 8 percent per year beyond your full retirement age. This can result in a much higher lifetime benefit for those who can afford to delay claiming.
Often the most important number you may want to weigh in on is your breakeven point of Social Security. You can learn more about what the break-even point is here.
Medicare Premiums
Another important factor to consider when planning for retirement is how your income will affect your Medicare premiums. Medicare premiums are based on your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI), which includes income from sources like retirement account withdrawals, Social Security benefits, and investment income.
According to a study by the Kaiser Family Foundation, approximately 7 percent of Medicare beneficiaries pay higher premiums due to their income. These premiums can be as much as three times higher than the standard premium.
To avoid higher premiums, retirees can plan to keep their income below certain thresholds. For example, in 2022, individuals with MAGI over $91,000 and married couples with MAGI over $182,000 will pay higher premiums for Medicare Parts B and D. Proper planning and managing withdrawals from retirement accounts can help reduce MAGI and avoid these higher premiums.
Required Minimum Distributions
Another important aspect of retirement planning is managing required minimum distributions (RMDs) from retirement accounts. RMDs are the minimum amount you must withdraw from certain retirement accounts, such as traditional IRAs and 401(k)s, once you reach age 72.
According to a study by Vanguard, many retirees take more than their RMD, which can result in higher taxes and a reduced portfolio. The study found that retirees in their 70s withdrew an average of 6.4 percent of their portfolio, compared to the 4 percent recommended by financial advisors.
Proper planning and management of RMDs can help retirees avoid excessive withdrawals and reduce their tax liability. One strategy is to consider a Roth conversion, which can reduce RMDs and provide tax-free income in retirement.
Conclusion
Retirement planning is a complex process that requires careful consideration of multiple factors, including Social Security timing, Medicare premiums, and RMDs. Making informed decisions in these areas can help retirees maximize their retirement income and ensure a comfortable retirement. With the help of a financial advisor or online retirement planning tools, retirees can make informed decisions and create a comprehensive retirement plan that meets their unique needs and goals.